Trolls are subjective. Unless someone uses AP for a champion, that has no AP ratio "trolling" is called trolling, because it's "off-meta". If an LCS players win with trolling, then it's no longer trolling. For example AD Fizz were like that for a time.
Because of this you can't create a system, that detect trolls.
Throwing also difficult to detect. Sure a player can see it, but you would need a seriously good AI to detect with an automatic system.
Int feeders already detected. If you got 30+ death, and get reported at least by one player, then auto punishment goes. That is the limit they put on deciding, that it can't possibly a "bad game". So you can die 20 times in early, and go afk at 29 (assuming game not over yet), and get away with feeding. Now i would lower that number, but many player confuse int. feeding with being worse, than the opponent, or/and being extremely focused.
Have you ever had a game where your lane were DESTROYED? Game where the enemy slaughtered you under turret, and either you give up the turret, or die more. If not, then either you didn't played enough, or lie. Now some people tryhard in these cases, and try to defend the turret. Partly, because they got no other idea. Jungle taken by junglers, roaming doesn't really help, and they just take XP from other lanes. Also they get flamed for whatever they do.
Going to defend turret and dies. INT FEEDER! REPORT!
Going to roam. STEALS XP! REPORT!
Taking jungle minions. TROLLING IN JUNGLE! REPORT!
Stays on start. AFK! REPORT!
Then you get surprised, if he just. Fuck this, and mutes everyone. Then proceeds to protect turret, and die a couple of time before it falls, or start jungling. Maybe even sabotage all team efforst by constant split pushing. Even while enemy destroys inhib, or takes Baron.
Last but most importantly there is no manpower to spare on these cases, because there are a bunch of priorities above them. Such as making new skins. Or dealing with toxic players. Toxic behaviour is the worse crime ever committed in history, and caused over 25 trillion suicide so far. Dealing with toxic people is simply above any and all priority. Even above trollers, feeders, and cheaters.
The only solution would be a CS:GO like tribunal system. Players could make decisions based on replays about reports. Each decision would be based on the vote of 10 players, and at least 6 guilty would require to punsh. So not just one idiot press guilty on everyone causes innocent's suffer style. Numbers could be tweaked though. Like making 20 - 11 player decision, or increasing punish needs to 7 for 10 player.