In all honesty I do farm heavily. I main Shyvana which kind of requires it. I know I make mistakes power farming too much and trying to make things happen. However, I'd like to just try to give you some insight on how it works since I've seen it successful and fail.
Sucess. Generally if you [laners] allow a powerfamer to farm and play safe it will generally account for a very powerful mid game for the team. For instance I played a game vs a noc another power to 6 champion. He tried ganking 5 times before 6 my laners played safe and died one time. I became 9 with dragon stealing his Jung and scuttles. Mid game resulted in rift herald and me alone destroying ALL of bot soloing the top laner two times.
This ofcourse Is a perfect game and does not allways happen.
Failures. Generally as I said earlier a power farming jungle usually makes 2 mistakes. Trying too hard to gank or not pressuring clear opportunities. While over all that is ambiguous it's still important to note. However, laners that do not play safe are usually the reason powerfarmong fails. As your title suggest you are too focused on Carrying this jungler instead of safely waiting for that 10 min mark. (Believe it or not it's not always the jungles fault.)
For instance I just finished my demotion Q.Q during 3 of 4 games that I lost my enemies said, "you did great Shyvana" in some fashion. I ganked farmed got dragons etc, but unsafelaners gave huge leads before I could come online. Did i play perfect? No way. But in these cases the failure comes on the lane. However, I've played game where a lane is getting crushed and I path away from that lane and dont change it. That's me failing.
Just wanted to give you some insight from someone that does well with this strategy. Least i hope, now I'm back to d5 from D3 lol so I'm In boosted turf. :(