Probably know everything I've typed below, but sometimes someone stating what you already know helps.
Think of Darius as Nasus.
He does extremely large amounts of damage, can heal a boatload, but can be a joke when it comes to teamfights as he just gets peeled to all hell.
A lot of Darius' strength comes from the fact that he has a huge advantage during laning phase. 1 kill and 30CS usually means that the opponent achieved their win condition and you lost lane. Try to make the enemy laner a non-factor as you can quickly become one yourself during open teamfights.
Darius is immobile, so see if you can't get deepwards into their jungle somehow.
Darius can pull off some quick 1v2's, but is too immobile to get out of a fight you don't want to take.
Other than that, focus on coordinating ambushes and picks with your team.
Remember one of Darius' most iconic moments: Swain's duel against Darkwill
As important CC and damage leaves the table Darius goes from "lul, troll Darius walked up and died, ggez" to "oh god, heals and 1k true damage ult? Certaintly T'd again"