Just play ranked, tbh. it'll match you with even-skilled teammates and enemies much more often than normals. I do see more often rude comments thrown around in ranked, but I've definitely seen the worst trolls imaginable in normals. in ranked it is usually just people having bad beats, so I just ignore them and hope they feel better soon lol xD or I try to cheer em up with a positive attitude.
really, if you have 2-3 roles you're comfortable with for ranked, you are likely to get something. make sure to ask for your preferred role, and do your best no matter which role you get. What I do, I usually don't get to mid so I'm not all that great. somehow I'm actually good with talon. but I only go talon if I feel comfortable considering the other picks, that I feel like I'll be able to roam successfully for example or I think I can bully their mid. but otherwise when I get mid, I just go something like karma (altho not anymore) but basically, someone ranged that I can play safe with, and I just make sure the opponent's mid never roams without me following and never can get me dead. someone who I feel comfortable "playig safe"
I guess really, an important thing to learn to do is to let a teammate carry you. I don't mean that you just rely on your teammates to make up for you, no, I mean that you make play decisions that prevent the opponent from gaining so that the teammate who's most comfortable has the best chance of getting super fed. that you play safe so the enemy doesn't get strong, and only go into action when your teammates are making plays also. for example I had this great karma game once, where I farmed in lane. I forget my enemy, but they were out farming me and I made a mistake at one point where I got ganked and got killed by their jg. but then, once our jg hit level six, he started ganking like crazy, and every time he came into lane I gave him a shield/speed boost and chained my enemy and got him 3 out of 4 of his ganks to be a success from my "supping" and by the end of the game he was so far ahead of the enemy jungler but my enemy mid laner was only as farmed as I was and that created enough of a difference with our teams that we won.
with top lane, you can probably try to play champions that are good lategame even when they lose lane. for example, maokai is an amazing teamfighter even if he hasn't yet finished one item. he is better when you do good in lane of course, but his ult is so useful and his cc is so key that if you just focus on the team fight you do fine. he also can jg OK to.
I guess if you JG, but don't feel comfortable with your ganks, try to power farm mostly, or like try to go someone who can sneak dragon early, and then focus your strategy on warding and looking out for your teamates. try to find ward spots in the enemy jg that show the movement of their roams and jg ganks early, so that you can ping for your allies and if possible counter gank. if someone complains about you not ganking just ignore them, for some reason that is something that people do a lot no matter how good a jg you are. if someone loses lane, sometimes they just don't want it to be their fault I guess. that honestly reflects their skill more than yours.
but, don't get mad at them of course, being friendly and supportive to your allies is one of the most effective ways to rise in ranked, I've found. I've had games where we started bad, but I started pointing out all the positive plays and say stuff like "gj" and "xD" and "nice!" and sometimes more elaborate congratulations etc. and then just mid game all of a sudden our team pulls off this incredible play and are back in the game, and our enemies start playing looser while we start playing tighter.