Why not add negative effects to an item if it's getting abused by a specific class?
Take Sterak's, for example. It was getting abused by ADCs, so it got nerfed in a way that also hurt its intended users. Instead, they could have added an additional effect that would only really affect ADCs.
Something like "-20% bonus attack speed" or "-15% crit chance". Most of the intended users of Sterak's don't buy bonus attack speed, and even fewer get crit chance, so those wouldn't affect most of them. But ADCs really like attack speed and crit chance, so purchasing Sterak's would become a bad option unless they really needed it for some reason.
Any intended users who were hit by the debuffs could receive some compensation.
Other items could get similar changes if they were abused - tailored to the class abusing them with little impact on the intended users.
That would leave the items open for off-meta or situational builds on some champions without them being overpowered on unintended users.