Personally, the whole champion mastery implementation is a way to display and show your experience and skill level with that champion. If I had to guess, and this is just my opinion after all, it's implemented onto SR with certain algorithms in mind based on in game stats. Whatever it's graded on is currently limited to SR. Whereas, with other game modes it wouldn't match up equally. Like, if it's based on KDA to some extent it's known that SR matches are typically more strategic whereas the TT meta is more skirmish based. Which means, more roaming and less farming. If it's based on Barons/Dragons, etc. well, that would change a lot of grading in other game modes as well. What about standard match times? Different for each game mode. Arams everyone is bound to die at least once. There goes your perfect S score. You get the point.
Hopefully it's going to be contributed to other game modes, seeing as I play rank 3v3s commonly and is the only time I find myself playing mages. Aram would also be a nice touch, just because it still provides experience on a champion, but to a different extent. Obviously, the weight of points should be lowered, not too dramatically, but a tad. But should still be given some at the least just for gaining experience on a champion.
Sometimes, Aram would even be the only way I level up a specific champion at all. So to have a number value input into the mastery system for that champion showing that I've actually touched them at least once, would be a nice addition. Especially since it's entirely random after all.