Reading the dev post, the purpose of these Eternals is quite evidently just a cosmetic feature/flair for the new achievement system. Despite how the segment explains that they're so claimed Runeterran Gods, they clearly aren't based on the specific mythology and world-building established by the lore and the respected people who write it. Instead each Eternal represents a class archetype that exists purely for categorization of champions, something of which is relevant only to the game.
I'll hazard a guess, I cant imagine the narrative department was involved in the creative development of this new project. This whole thing feels similar to the disconnect that exists between Runes in-game and the more creative use of World Runes in-universe.