Tantram has said that on average, the time to get out of dishonorable was 3 months. You may be longer or you may be shorter. Riot is taking a very hard stance on toxicity because it's one of the top reasons players stop playing a multiplayer game. The reason you may feel like you're never getting out of honor 0 may be your own fault but you don't know it.
The way the IFS works with honor while dishonored is that they rate your games on toxicity.
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If you have clean games, ie NO toxicity at all, you go up and take a step closer to getting out of dishonored.
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If you are slightly toxic, you take one step back and you stay in dishonored longer than you would have had you not been slightly toxic.
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If you are toxic enough to get a chat restriction and if you've had a 14 day temp ban before this, you get hit with an escalated punishment and get permabanned.
You have to have CLEAN games to progress out of dishonored. These red posts are hidden among all of the Q's from various players so it's kind of hard to sift through and link because I don't keep them on hand, but you can look at red posts yourself and confirm I'm paraphrasing the reds here.
The slightly toxic games are cumulative. The more you have, the longer you stay in dishonored. People have said that the best way to get out of dishonored is to only say positive things and don't be sarcastic, mean, or passive aggressive with teammates at all as the IFS can detect it.