This happens a lot. The "report system" is a greifing tool used by toxic players to harass their teammates. I've received several "negative attitude" notifications for games for asking people to ward, focus turrets, etc. I've even received a "Verbal Abuse" notification after a game where I said nothing at all, because I've gotten in the habit of just muting everyone when I start a solo Q game.
-Lose lane? Get reported.
-Win lane? Get reported for buying I.E. instead of BT
-Jungling? Get reported because you can't constantly gank all three lanes at once.
-Push lanes or focus taking down a turret? Get reported because you're "not helping team" aka running around the jungle getting ambushed.
-Start Crystal Flask? Get reported bcuz crystal flask is for noobs
-Don't start Crystal Flask? Get reported bcuz "OMG Pros start crystal flask!"
-Play support? Get reported bcuz "this noob support has no kills! report Janna"
-Tell your teammate "I hope you die of an aneurysm you sick fuk i hop ur mom gets raped by aids-%%%%%%s right after this game kil urself"? It's OKAY because you can REPORT THEM! Regardless of what happens to you, THEY will feel bad because of what you said, play worse, and most likely, your team will report THEM as well because of their poor play and diminished interest in the game. And after enduring forty minutes of verbal abuse and losing, they get a nice "you have been reported" notification! Yay!
People will report you no matter what you do, and the report system helps toxic players punish their teammates. Just ignore it and hope the auto-report robot doesn't go crazy. I've gotten a bunch of notifications, but nothing has actually happened to me yet.
RIOT says that the system only kicks in when you get reported frequently over multiple games, but it's entirely possible, if you solo Q a few games in a row, to have multiple toxic people in each game who wish suicide upon you and report you, so that one doesn't work too well either.
It's a shame that threatening to report your teammates all game for silly reasons doesn't come with reprocussions. (example: I had my adc tilt and intentionally feed because I hit a minion to proc relic shield. He thought I was stealing his cs. He spent the whole game yelling in /all chat "report this troll". I tried to explain to my team what had happened, but, even though the adc immediately ran mid and started turret diving over and over, I ended up with a "verbal abuse" notification and my whole team told me they were reporting me. Despite the fact that I never swore or insulted someone, and they told me to kill myself etc. etc., I was the one at fault. This kind of thing happens a lot.)
RIOT's theory is that the report system helps sportsmanlike players weed out the toxic players, but the reality is the report system gives toxic players the power to punish anyone they want with the threat of monetary damage for the most trivial of reasons.
The mute button is your friend, but you'll still get reported anyway.
tl;dr - the report system is broken, and does the exact opposite of what Riot intends it to do.