While that might work, while you can mute people, while you can 'build a resistance' against bad behavior,
that is not how it's supposed to be.
League of Legends is a game, a game with multiple aspects, and while I understand the stress there might be in ranked,
there are several other gamemodes in this game.
These gamemodes were made to have fun.
Nobody can win every game, and a losing player can only play worse if somebody snaps at him or her.
They need advices, not insults.
Besides, this game went downhill since the creation of the holy meta. You have to play the way of the masters, or else!!!
Riot never knew if they should enforce the meta or no, and in the end, I think they just gave up and followed the trend.
In my honest opinion, you should be able to play whatever, wherever, and as long as you're not trying to lose a game purposely,
you should never be punished, whether by Riot or by other players.
I think this game needs some dedicated players, that would help the new one that are taking their first steps,
and another group of players acting as moderators, punishing the offenders and rewarding the helpful players.
That would probably be abused sometimes, what isn't? But I'm pretty sure that would help that game, it needs an intervention, the community is way too 'toxic' (i hate that word), we need some exemplars, and probably a lot of moderators.
You might say I'm not reasonable, but I have seen communities of some games getting better in 2 or 3 days, just after getting such a system of moderation and reward.
Tl;dr : this community could be better with some self moderation / helping programs. By the players, for the players. 