My typical build looks something like the following:
Starting Items:

Boots:
or
or
[Distortion or Alacrity Enhantment]
Core Items:
Additional Items:

Nasus is typically a mid-game monster; there is a glorious point around 20 minutes into the game where you have two items and 300-400 stacks, where skirmishes are common and proper teamfights (with peel and kiting) rarely occur. At this point, you have two defensive items while enemy carries haven't built their penetration items yet and can't burst you down.
I typically play for this point, so I chose my core items (Iceborn Gauntlet and Spirit Visage) to provide everything I want at that point: Spellblade, Mana, CDR, Health, Armor, MR, Slow, and sustain.
Deadman's Plate provides additional damage, durability, and (most importantly) mobility to Nasus.
Banshee's Veil provides additional MR and can block a spell when dueling an opponent.
Thornmail makes it extremely difficult for the enemy autoattackers to duel or attack you during fights and negates their lifesteal.
I would highly recommend against Sunfire Cape. You don't need it to push waves (Spirit Fire is better for that), your ultimate's aura is more powerful during teamfights and (most importantly) it draws tower aggro. There are situations in which you want to kill an enemy tower while ignoring the defender, but if you have Sunfire Cape you will attract tower aggro doing so.
I don't bother with Trinity Force or Frozen Heart since I find Iceborn Gauntlet to be a more efficient purchase (earlier power spike, cheaper).
I don't use Sterak's Gage either since I prefer to have more defensive items and don't particularly need the additional base AD. It's not a bad option, but I find myself missing certain stats if I purchase it.