Rabadon's is quite simply raw Ability Power. Nothing more, nothing less. Keeping this in mind, the only time you should build this is when you don't need any other stats/perks other than raw damage and/or won't for awhile.
As for the above build, Void Staff and Magic pen boots are what shredded through the small amount of mr that the enemy team did have, bringing you pretty close to true damage. Lich Bane is core. I don't know that both Zhonya's and GA were necessary, but if that was the case then more power to ya'. If you didn't actually need them both, then I would've dropped one or DFG(late-game). I'll explain why.
While DFG pretty much guarantees you a kill on one specific target (which is really important in lane and for roaming), Rabadon's 120% AP bonus synergizes really well with the Lich Bane passive and gives you a higher damage output to multiple targets throughout a team fight.
This is, of course, just my preference. Either way, your build accomplished the job that it was supposed to, which makes it A-okay,