This is something that bothers me a great deal as well, but when you think about it logically, it is really not practical for reports to result in blacklisted players for you in ques.
Consider that you are joining a game with 9 other people, 9 living breathing individuals that all have their own run ins with Trolls, AFK's, and ragers with their own lists of reported players. If just 1 of them has any of the others reported at any point in time in their history of playing league, then that que would be delayed. Also keep in mind that que's are already rather lengthy, and the pool of players matchmaking uses for any given player is already limited based on MMR and the time that the que was started... Even in my normal games for example, I see familiar faces in practically every single game I play, just because the MMR and time of day I play has such a limited pool of players, that it's practically always the same people. I've also reported some of those people lol, and if we were suddenly never able to play together, my que times would go from long, to never ending...
Point is, you just have to deal with it, and continue to report them if they continue to deserve the reports. Eventually they will get banned if they actually are consistently assholes, and then you'll be free of them, and until then, choose not to reque immediately after having a problematic player in your game, in order to join a different que hopefully.