thats like me I hit masters before and i was stuck at high dia for most of the time. I literally went 3-7 on placements and got plat 4. I am now hard stuck plat player because i get afks in my team once every three games or so and my team chat never goes away since my teammates are just flaming each other when they are literally inting.
If you want to climb fast, play kassadin on mid. Learn mid and kass for a few games. Even at high elo, not mine, spam kassadin and its usually hard to stop a fed kass, or even a kass who's doing okay. Mid has the most impact in league I believe but jungle also has about the same. If mid can solo kill the enemy mid laner, and roam bot or top alone or with a jungler, that would be probably the best you can get, or maybe even rift or dragon.
I usually get tilted only because my teammates give up, ff, afk or/and int. You can try to tell them a million times to not be tilted and I'm telling you that only 1/10 will most likely listen.
When I look at ur match history, I can tell that you played a good amount of games. even I played half or 1/3 of ur games. All the champions you play are pretty "hard" mechanically to play. Although if you play ur champions like, lee, vlad, aphelios, vayne, sett, and akali, those champions are pretty hard to play. in case of vlad, he is kinda weak early game so you have to keep your distance while farming and if you are versing against a melee top laner or mid laner, you need to poke, sustain, and farm well. It's pretty hard to do good in all of those. Vlad however is a pretty strong champion right now, at like 25 mins, with 2 core items, you can probably take out their entire backline unless they are really fed of course. Vlad isn't hard to combo at all, usually just flash ult e w q or whatever, I don't main vlad but vlad mains can really carry hard if they maintained good cs and item decision at mid game. I dy