Kalista got nerfed into unplayability because of the pro scene
Corki is honestly still a good champion if only at mid lane though being an AP hybrid, don't remember him receiving hard nerfs like Kalista
Kog'Maw has been planned on receiving buffs this upcoming patch
Elise got nerfed a while back as well for being played in pros a lot and shes stayed that way for a long time
Nautilus has a bit of an outdated kit that simply gets outclassed by others, they did some weird change to his W shield recently nerfing the shield itself but reducing cooldown on it? Maybe they have more planned considering they obviously have an eye on him.
Volibear actually got a good buff not too long ago but apparently too good so the change was nerfed shortly after. And I think hes honestly good but not OP like so many other junglers, don't need to make everybody broken.
Shyvana has always been quite the simple champion which can also be a bad thing, if her damage is too low shes completely useless cause she offers nothing else from her kit, but if shes able to deal too much than it's overwhelming.
Amumu is also in a pretty good spot in terms of balance, hes received generous buffs but just isn't broken like many other popular junglers once again.
Mordekaiser is due for a rework, everyone knows it, hes one of few champions that you just really shouldn't play seriously until they are changed.
Kayle is also pretty outdated in terms of her kit but it's not like it really holds her back, shes just outclassed right now because of the burst damage meta.
Warwick was really good when he was first reworked and still is, hes only received a small nerf to his Q.
Nasus is all about scaling and getting to late game and thats simply not what this season is about
Skarner's playstyle is very weird as you rely on those stationary things around the map to control, otherwise i just think theres a lot better junglers.
Azir has been up and down, Riot has always had difficulty balancing him because of pro play especially. Another champion who is either completely broken or useless depending on the patch.
Galio has also received some nerfs and i believe rightfully so, though I still think hes a great champion just not ridiculous like right after his rework.
Ryze hasn't only been a problem in the pro scene, hes ALWAYS been someone Riot has also had problems balancing as it's literally a meme for Ryze getting reworks. His high damage from his high mana+ ability resets has been difficult to balance around without changing his whole kit so the easiest way for them to deal with this is nerfing damage.
Honestly though, majority of these really just come down to whats dominant in the meta just like previous seasons. You can never have true balance, you can certainly try to but there will always be champions that will be noticed as being the best due to a variety of reasons like runes/items/kits. Not saying there isn't a lot of unbalance this season cause its the worst i've seen in all my years of playing League, but WHY play something that is obviously worse instead of let's say, Graves who has dominated across many seasons for some reason? I'll play whatever I want in blinds, but when it comes to ranked my champion pool becomes understandably smaller.