Soon reaching lvl 30 but reluctant to start Ranked :/

Hi, I have been playing league for a little under two months (friends got me into it but they don't play often) and I have decided to become a support main, I've become aware of the do's and dont's of supporting but I still have trouble regardless of how I play. I'm level 25 but I find myself losing games so often and I don't have anyone to ask for help.

I've tried carrying with a support like Alistar, he seems great with W/Q combo'd with the trample but I find in Solo Q that my adc never follows up even when the enemy is low, I ward the river brush and check for the jungler's constantly but most adc's what I deal with are hugging tower or diving and dying, if there's a good adc I who knows when to follow up I usually have no issues and the responsibility of death in that lane are all on me but if they're the latter it's not so much. I body block when I know the enemy has poke potential and go in if they are over extended and either I know my adc and I could take them or the jungler is fairly near by. Late game I try to go after the high priority damage dealers and cc them so they are wide open for picking of but I find that my mid and adc are focussing tanks a good majority of the games I am in. Am I doing the right thing or am I playing incorrectly?

Another Champion I've played is Bard and I see great potential for him, I land stuns decently often but I can never find time to leave my lane to collect chimes effectively without hindering my adc, I place down heals preemptively by tower in case my adc is low and go collect chimes and come back as soon as possible, possibly help my mid laner put pressure on the enemy if they need it and the jungler isn't around and that's it for early-mid. Late game is another story because I can never find a good opportunity to use my ult, the second I realise a team mate is at least half health I fire it but it doesn't help, at times I manage to get off a decent ult to give my team kills but it feels I'm using it wrong. I play as aggressive as I can on Bard, peeling as much as I can in early but late I feel I'm only useful for my stun.

Also, how do I deal with smurfs (or a fed enemy)? I come across them quite often, I know it sounds bad that I call someone smurfs because they solo carry a team (like a 20/0/0 kda 15 mins, exaggerated but yh) but how do I deal with them? Because I can't deal with them alone because I don't have the damage to do so and in team fights they outdamage my heals and shields to wear I'm struggling to keep the team alive with everyone scattering. Is there anything I can do if a lane other than mine feeds or is doing really bad early-mid?

And lastly, Janna, I find myself getting peeled more than I can actually do early, I stay behind minions and poke the adc whenever I know exactly what minion he's going for but the sups like Morgan's or Soraka(Annie, Brand etc) always manage to catch me out, I don't want to use my shield because my adc needs it more than I do and I only use if I find I'm taking too much. Also I feel as if my auto's do no damage whenever I make a successful peel. Why is that? Am I doing it incorrectly? Late game I feel that I'm never in the right place at the right time because let's I'm getting dragon with my jg and adc, my mid and top have decided to chase and have gotten ambushed, in a 2 v 4.

I know I need a lot of work but is ranked anything like levelling or does it get better?

TL:DR Newbie getting to 30 soon, Solo Q'ing atm Having trouble with Alistar, nailing the combo but hardly any follow ups, am I going in on the wrong times? To aggressive in landing phase? Hard time playing Bard, choosing when to roam effectively. Any advise? Getting out peeled as Janna against other supports and good adc, tips? Dealing with smurfs and fed enemies, anyway to help feeding lanes? Am I picking bad support champs in Solo Q?

How do I solve these issues? Ty for taking the time to read a newbie's thread :)