1: perhaps it's not WHAT you say, it's HOW you say it. It's the words chosen and the context of the situation.
2: Have you considered that Silver V is the place you're meant to be? I've looked over multiple things from Lolking and op.gg and I've realized that where I am right now is where I'm supposed to be. My winrate is about what it's supposed to be at. I'm okay with that. Is there a reason you're not okay with where you are? Just because you 'know' you're better doesn't mean you're ACTUALLY better. It just means you feel like you are from the objective data that you see from your matches.
3: I have people who troll in Normals all the time when I try to win. What do I do? I roll with it. I don't start trolling, I just do what I can and I stop worrying about if we win or lose. This sort of ties in with #2 in that why are you in such a hurry? Is Victorious Morgana really that big of a prize to you? Is being Gold REALLY that important? I understand wanting to improve and climb, but winning and losing and dealing with sub-par situations is part of the game at large. Perhaps if you didn't treat losing as THE WORST THING EVER, then maybe you'll find yourself raging less.
4: It's a teamwork-oriented game. Don't rage, lead. If someone's having issues and they're not obviously trolling (really trolling not just having a bad game or are severely outmatched), think of ways to work around them. If the enemy team is so busy chasing the 0/8/2 Vayne and she keeps getting caught, why are you not using her as bait? Why are you not warding a side-lane and letting her farm/split-push? Leaders work with the situations they have, they don't complain about the things they feel they should have. You have teammates who are negative. Man up and deal with that in a way that ISN'T throwing a hissey-fit.
5: If you don't like unskilled people in Ranked, STOP PUTTING SO MUCH EMPHASIS ON RANKED AND RANKINGS. If someone is Unranked or Bronze, DO NOT insult them or give them a hard time. I don't care if you really want to, it causes the exact problem you're whining about. I've met a TON of Bronze players who are so mortified about their status that they REFUSE to realize that they are where they belong and they will beg, scream, whine, and cry to get someone to carry them to Gold because they don't want to face the fact that they're Bronze-level in skill. THAT is what gives you your dreaded feeders and seeming trolls.
If the community didn't place so much emphasis on what rank a person is, people wouldn't boost/get carried, feed at higher levels, and you wouldn't have to rage. Adjust your mindset and your attitude and you might find your problem solves itself.