Firstly don't leave games as your team may be able to carry, you getting camped means your jungler can put his pressure elsewhere if he is not helping you and also if enemy jungler is top, dragon seems a possible objective to take or bot tower.
You need to learn to see how enemy players react when jungler is there and when he is not, they'll bait you into going all in and this is probably why you get tilted, i as a jungler will camp a lane if they keep making same mistake of not warding and overextending/getting baited easily. If you die once, you need to play much safer and it is much better to just farm under your tower as Jax especially, you are playing a late game champion, you just need to scale to carry.
If you manage to survive a gank or two, enemy jungler will probably focus other lanes so this is how you avoid getting camped, well as long as you survive without using flash so they don't come back again soon and this can be quite difficult. Even if you use flash it is fine, just play much safer and keep the pressure in your lane without dying often, enemy jungler is spending his time in your lane so don't you think your jungler can spend time on mid or bot.
You shouldn't see it as a big disadvantage if you are getting camped, you are drawing pressure of 2 enemy players, if you can keep it up without losing too hard, your team will win as they are essentially playing 4v3 with their jungle pressure.