Counterbuilt Starts in Lane

I recently went into the midlane as a Talon with AD quints and reds, armor yellows, and mr blues. All flat. Started a Longsword, 2 red pots, and a blue pot. I went up against a Katarina and proceeded to completely throw the match for my team.

Now, what this Katarina started was an absurd amount of Flat AP (about 34 at Level 1 if I remember right), and an absurd amount of Armor. My guess is CDR, Flat armor, and AP runes; not quite sure.

At the start of the lane, she started a Dorans Shield and completely rolled me 1v1 without a gank; with my full combo (E,W, Q is standard I believe), I did less damage to her than she did with two of her skills + an auto attack; the minions were almost a nonfactor in her damage.

Anyway, it ended with her getting First Blood, and thus snowballing. What I want to know is how to approach the lane if the enemy (which actually may happen a lot in ranked since I'm kind of new) starts COMPLETELY to negate any and all damage, burst or sustained, while at the same time dealing that same level of damage you expect you can dish out.

If anyone can provide some guidance, I'd appreciate it.