run them down level 1 as olaf, renekton kill them level 3 they stand no chance if you get on them for ranged champs in general, starting d shield helps also.
for teemo, olaf can kill him level 1 with axes if he didn't start blind if he did just disengage when he blinds you he doesn't have a way to stick onto you, I like putting an extra point into w everytime im against someone who harasses as hard as teemo, at level 6 he should stand no chance, back get a hexdrinker and run him down. Renekton im trash at so no idea how he works there,
for quinn you can cheese her level 1 very easily if you play it right, starting d shield then rushing a ninja tabi, is really good since the armor helps alot and the auto reduction is also great, plus without her ult she is slow 15 less movement than olaf, getting boots before her makes running her down even easier, things to keep in mind is that you can use your ult to get close to her during her vault animation meaning her main escape is not very useful against you, again im trash at the croc so i can't say much for that
The donger is a really annoying champ to deal with grabbing a hexdrinker, and spectral cowl early tends to my strat when dealing with him since you regen a ton of his damage at that point, again starting d shield is great, even if your ulting as olaf don't let him land his dong bomb, since it lets him get his beams from his turret, your main goal is to make him blow his ult before you all in him, make sure you have enough health and your ult before going in so he can't stop you, since he shouldn't have the damage to kill you if you aren't overly far behind
In general newer players have trouble dealing with ranged champs because they don't know yet how to trade health for cs properly, don't understand champion spikes, let themselves be harassed for free because they don't know how to respond, and haven't learned that a melee on top of a ranged, is going to out damage, and out tank them, in almost any circumstance, unless they are far behind, in either health, gold, or levels, with experience these matchups become far easier
Also remember to look if they have ignited that means you don't do anything but farm and avoid harass, back, tp into lane, then kill them with an item advantage or push the wave to tower making them lose xp if they decided to match your recall