Voidstaff grants 70 Ability Power and a unique passive of 35% magic penetration.
While yes, if your opponents are building Magic resistance, this will scale tremendously, and should be the primary focus after your first initial power surge (Rabadons / Deathfire Grasp)
If your opponents don't build any magic resistance and they don't have any magic resistance runes; assume that their MR is approximately 15 - 20. Whatever it is, mostly irrelevant.
Your magic resistance and your armour resistance scales higher the lower it is. The difference between 15 MR and 35 MR could very well be 10% reduction. I don't think you get 65% reduction until you hit approximately 200, but it is not linear. Because it is not linear, it actually has a greater effect when someone has less resistance. If you penetrate 35% of 20 MR, it's going to leave the person with 12 MR, which is probably a reduction of about 10%. 10% less of their resistance means 10% more on your damage.
Now you're more than likely going to encounter people who will build appropiately, for example:
Anyone who isn't an AP carry is most likely going to have either static MR blues, or scaling MR blues. So they're either +12 or scaling from 1-27+.
On top of that, anyone who isn't an AD carry is probably going to have Mercury Treads if they're going to be susceptible to crowd control, so they're going to require some early game tenacity.
That's another 25 MR to worry about.
So we've got potentially 67 MR (15 initial start, 27 scaling at max level, and 25 for merc treads). A 35% penetration on that will leave them with 42 MR, and that's probably going to be about a 10% increase on your damage.
Or, could believe what wikipedia has to say about it. http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Void_Staff
I generate my arguments based off logic, and not raw evidence.
Either way, I would strongly suggest Void Staff as your 3rd core item.