Aura radius is limited and the shatter ability itself is nearly impossible to use effectively just like his ultimate due to mobility. It's only effectively utilized when in combinations with his stun that cannot miss but also note that the stun is not long and the projectile speed is slow. Thus supports and adcs can generally react to it such as thresh, braum, soraka etc. list goes on. But not only that after dazzle is on CD he has no peel. (aside from exhaust if you count that but exhaust should only be used in an all in manner and it does not gaurantee your adc isn't exhausted as well.
It's true he has a heal ability however his costs are quite high and in order to fully utilize the concept of being a sustain support he would have to sacrifice far too much mana to even consider that skill useful or relevant. Having mana regen runes, masteries and an early regen item made is managable but still difficult in combination of playstyles (mana regen masteries now gone). Taric has an identity crisis in sustaining while also playing offensively since he is supposably a champion that is designed to encourage a kill lane composition or effectively allow his jungler to gank; however, due to the nature of his mana costs and inability to do anything without burning flash he is effectively useless.
One thing I will give to taric is he can shatter multiple targets; however due to nearly adc being either mobile or capable of self peeling with jumps or traps taric hardly every gets to utilize this function. In team fights he could possibly use it although it would not be on an ideal target. While peeling for his adc he could effectively shatter a target he's peeling. That's +1 for target.. unlikely to hit multiple people although it can...
Taric does buff your ad/ap given you're within his range. Depending on how your team is constructed taric is either initiation team fights with his terrible dazzle or peeling for your adc. Thus not many people are actually utilizing his aura and his ultimate initial damage is unlikely to hit multiple targets. The damage is not quite high either.
Taric is tanky this is true it is probably one of his stronger characteristics aside from being a ward and aura bot. Though by the time he accumulates a strong sense of tankyness he has already outlived a usefulness period of the entire game. (being a ward bot essentially for bot lane is his claim to fame after that he is absolutely burdening his team with his uselessness). Most tanks though can actually initiate or peel this leaves tarics tank identity in an odd place. Effectively you're becomming tanky, so you can become a ward and aura bot throughout a fight and contribute very little. It makes no sense.
Picking taric against a heavy AD team is smart such that running malphite is just as smart. Though with items like the black cleaver and last whisper tarics armor aura is almost useless although not entirely useless. He provides a small bonus to his team when within range but aside from that I see no reason to bring taric in a heavy AD composition. It'd more than likely be better to bring a support with more utility like tresh, leona, and or braum as they are just as tanky and do a much better job peeling for their team, which is essential when vsing heavy AD comps with champions like Zed, Talon being around.
The actual amount of poke in lane isn't reduces much since the aura is based off his armor. The scale is not as effective early as it is opposed to later. it helps but I would argue having more mana for sustain would be much more desired than the small amount of armor given. I would disagree and say jinx is relatively difficult for taric to face due to her range and self peel potential in combination with her supports ability to peel and lack of tarics own peel when it comes to fighting. If you initiate with dazzle you have nothing to peel with. You just screwed your adc. For this reason taric is extremely bad when confronted with many adcs and a vast majority of supports. I would say kalista, vayne, kogmaw, caitlyn, jinx, corki, lucian, and ezrael can really be a problem for taric.
I would say miss fortune and varus are easier for him to face but still difficult due to their ability to slow taric. I would agree twitch is easy to face for taric. Although in combination with twitch and a support and or champion capable of doing damage you will be unable to keep your adc alive due to your inability to peel and sustain the raw damage essentially your adc is walking gold. Taric can quickly stun and combat a disengage making his offensive identity in an even more so awkward position. He would rarely ever get a chance to utilize his ultimate and shatter with that playstyle; however, I can see situations where it could save his adcs life. He'd then there after be useless during his dazzles CD where champions like leona or naut have other skills to use or peels to either engage or defend with.
tl;dr taric is terrible good effort with your post I applaud that you actually took my advice and wrote out something rather than posting idiotic statistics.
I mostly normal and or ranked with him on other accounts however I still play him on this account in normals. My normal elo is relatively high since I have good wins over my losses. I have a good bit of games with him over several years worth of playing. nearly 5-6 years under my belt...