The rating system varies on the map you play and a bunch of other factors.
Mostly though it focuses on CS and your KDA.
You died quite a lot compared to most average Vayne players, so that's probably why you get an A or A+. I would suggest trying to have no more than 4 kills to help with getting that S rank.
But keep in mind there is no magic number on KDA and CS. It all depends on what the average Vayne player does, and being able to beat that. The ranking system does take into account what your score is versus other Vayne players, thus as long as you are above the average score you should be able to manage an S rank.
Outside of that I can really only assume it's because of your deaths. Your CS, Kills, and Assists were pretty good.