The map isn't symmetric. It's really a terrible mistake in my opinion (there are a lot of actual disadvantages to either side due to the asymmetries and always have been, whether it be blue side bot lane getting to start golems, easier dragon access, easier baron access, blue side bot lane gank disadvantage, red side top lane gank disadvantage, etc...) but the thing is that the map itself is too in place to ever be changed now.
As to the disadvantages specifically addressed in this thread:
I noticed the same at a low level. As an ADC main when I started, I found my personal playing ability was drastically different between red and blue because of my chasing / running vision advantage on blue side.
I complained on the forums likewise, and got a lot of people telling me to play unlocked camera.
I'll do the same for you - play unlocked camera.
It's pretty much a necessity. It may work to play locked camera at lower levels of play. Switching to locked camera during teamfights at ANY level of play is okay. Once you even pass level 20 though, playing unlocked makes a huge difference. You SHOULD be paying a lot of attention to the map that you simply can't do on locked screen. A lot of champions have abilities that shoot farther than your locked screen shows. It's easier to run/chase unlocked.
You can always instantly recenter your camera on your character by tapping the space bar. Try starting unlocked in co-op vs AI matches and gradually get used to it. It does make a huge difference in your game. My brother was around level 18 when I finally convinced him to try unlocked and he went on a fairly large winning streak where he carried most games after making the switch (admittedly I gave him some other advice at the same time, e.g. stop using ghost/heal and take flash with whatever summoner your role uses best) but the point is that there are small things you can change that do make a huge difference in how you can play the game.