So Im gonna assume that when you play normals you play blind pick, and Im gonna just throw around some ideas.
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In normals people approach the game as I want to play this role/champ for fun and that's the point of the game. There is no stress in normals, there is just 10 people wanting to enjoy a game of league. Because of this, you will automatically have people in a much better mood because they are going to have fun. When you go to a ranked game, some people are there to have fun, others are there to win. If you are playing solo Q then a lot of the time people come in with the mentality of "I need to carry this game so give me what I am good at" and "I am the best one here so all of your calls are bad." People in ranked are much less willing to accept that everyone has good and bad days and that there is a reason they are all at roughly the same ELO. Rather, people in ranked see it as more of I am better than these people so I deserve to move up and they dont, and they arent having a bad day they just suck at the game.
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In normals there is not pressure, if you win you get IP, if you lose you get IP. So people are much calmer and will probably have a clearer head. This points you to the reason that there is way more proper prioritization of targets in normals. In ranked if you lose you lose IP/get demoted so there is a lot more pressure to win. Calling people bad in the game does not help this, a lot of the time if someone makes a bad descision they could just be having a bad day, they could have misjudged their opponents strengths or they might not have seen the whole situation. In fact just a few days ago I played a game as thresh and we were momentously behind in the game, We had an opportunity to 3v5 them and maybe gain some ground in the game, I landed a hook on their adc and the moment I Qed again to go in I see fizz walk out of FoW and I get instantly blown up. Naturally my team was pretty mad, they said I didnt know how to play thresh and I didnt HAVE to take the hooks. All I'm saying is that getting mad is just increasing the stress people are having in a game and they will more often make worse descisions if you get mad at them (not saying you do, just that there is a lot of pressure in ranked)
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No one trusts each other in solo Q, everyone has had that game where you get the perfect engage and your team runs away. Everyone has had that moment where you get super fed but the rest of the other team gets equally as fed. This all backs up the idea that everyones mentality in solo Q is not "I want to have fun and see where I place in the global standings" its always "I am better than everyone at my level so I deserve to rank up and they dont." You always have to understand that for some reason everyone at that ELO is there for a reason, they have definitely had good and bad games before, they've carried, they've been carried, they've thrown games. The system in place seems to work for the most part and everyone at your elo deserves the same respect that you would want them to give you. I think thats the key thing here, you even refer in your post to "the idiots in bronze ranked games." And having been in bronze I get that, there are a lot of times where someone does something that you look at and say thats so dumb they are bad. But I think if you decide to trust your team a bit more and just play your best in every game, you will improve and you will rank up.
Thats my two cents (well 3 cents I guess) and sorry for the long post, just trying to get some points down really. Maybe this is even to help myself more than respond to your post but whatever thats what I think about the state of soloQ.
TL;DR 1) normals are for fun. 2)Normals have no pressure. 3) Trust your team mates, there at your ELO for a reason.