I wanna lose my lane cause i sucked, not cause my support was last pick an got forced into it vs a support main. or because my mid let his laner come bot and ruin it. its very hard to outplay a good support with a badone....... and bad adc can right click all they want while the good support sets up plays.
Can it? Kinda. The reason that mages and assassins go mid and marksmen go bottom is because mages and assassins scales with levels harder than marksmen and are very powerful in roams, and marksmen scale with gold so you give them the most stable lane you can.
That said... Lucian and Corki, and some other Marksmen as well, can do just fine mid lane. Vayne and Quinn are strong top lane. Most of the time those picks lead to a double Marksman comp, not an APC bottom. But, I suppose you could put a hard scaling late game mage bottom to some success. Someone like a Kassasdin or an Azir. Maybe even a Vel'Koz, who needs protection to work.
Or... You go with the classic cheese and send a Markman mid or top and make bottom a kill lane. A high burst high CC support and a high bust (And preferably high CC) mage, assassin or fighter. The 'classic' flavor is J4+Pantheon bottom, share farm. Pantheon stuns them, then channels HSS, J4 stacks his knockup so the full channel of HSS hits them. With their level 2 bursts combined they can insta-kill anything.
ADCs generally have a strong powerspike after 2-3 items and need a strong front line to fight consistently APCs have a strong powerspike after 1-2 items and generally have enough range or burst to fight without a strong front line.
That's why APCs are given solo lane experience. Their power spike hits sooner and it gives them higher pick potential and they're less reliant on their own team which gives them a higher chance to carry early on.
The best thing about a bad matchup, is that it means the other team has a good matchup and you are equally as likely to be on the good matchup team...unless you're the one picking into a bad matchup every time, but that's a different story.
As an adc, my Outlook is typically "I'm really good in this role so if I have a junk support and they have a good adc and support, I'm saving my team from having someone feed".
I find this makes me feel more important even if I'm not getting kills when I know I would with a better support.
To answer the question in your title: In general, no. Most mid laners have a reliable form of escape, whether it be mobility, stealth, CC, etc... They can easily escape the inevitable ganks without team help (if they're well warded and On the ball). In contrast, most adcs lack this, the support is with the adc to protect them when they're weak via utility.
Some adcs may be okay in mid, those who can go ap mid (tristana, corki, ezreal) come to mind, and lucien even has good enough mobility to maybe be okay. Someone like caitlyn, vayne, jinx, kog'maw, etc... Would probably have a really hard time mid Lane though.
Also, good luck convincing an apc to go bot Lane, they main that role to get a solo Lane.
Honestly though, you can try it in a 5s team. I've thought before it would be better to have the adc solo because with solo xp they'd be a lot better carry than the apcs are to be honest.
You'd have to nerf ADCs so they aren't autowin in duo lanes vs other classes
