The Quality of Ranked Gameplay: How are we supposed to climb?

I am a first season League of Legends player and i have spend much more money than i should have on this game already. I began playing last October and was finally able to being ranked play around January of this year. After promos i landed in Silver V, not the worst, but it was a decent place to start. I have been able to win around 1/4 of my overall matches played, and have no enjoyment playing whatsoever. I am not saying i am of challenger or diamond quality, but i am more than capable of being a gold player. However, how can i achieve the gold rank the i want if i lose 5-10 more lp each game than i earn when i win? Every single ranked game i play is a bronze "clown fiesta." Nobody understands how to shot call, nobody understands what baron and dragons indicate to the game, and nobody understands when to split-push and when to team fight. I find myself so unbelievably frustrated every single game that i play because nobody has any idea how to play the game. I want to climb so badly, i want to get out of Silver V, but literally every single time i play the game i just get unbelievably frustrated due to the other members of my team. I almost never even play ranked due to the fear of being on a team with Bronze V people who do not understand the game. Then i lose and get demoted, and it just continues. I cannot continuously play with people that are so much worse than me, yet, they are still the same exact rank as me. How does this work? How can people that have no idea how to even function with a team in league of legends make it out of Bronze? Silver? I am not a great player, i am not an elite player, but i am a player that has played enough games and understands enough that i believe i am fit to be at least gold. But with this system and the players i am forced to play with on my team, it seems absolutely impossible. There is little to no chance with this system for me to climb.