Certain junglers do this far more than others...the most notable is twitch. Certain comps are also set for it. The best way is to simply recognize the threat and play around it. Possibly pick around it in champ select, and definitely play around it in lane by playing very passively and being prepared to immediately slap the jungler senseless, as these early ganks mean they're coming in with lower-than-your-laner hp.
There's plenty of warning signs. If you notice any of the following, note they're likely going to invade and/or cheese gank you:
Certain Junglers -
(Although his gank is really more of a pathing through mid to the scuttle in the opposite river, if he lands his Q and E's his lane, you can still have a rough time)
(A total sweat move, some pretty prominent Lee players can simply take red and yeet it to mid or bot...though most will more likely attempt to invade the opposing jungle, since the opposing jungle can't stop them from just ward-hopping out whenever they feel like it anyway)
(super low effort, doesn't even technically have to gank you, just chucks a casual spear while she's on crab and potentially chunks like 40% of your hp for no reason and decides to follow it up)
(The OG of cheese...I'm not even gonna make a cutout for this one)
(Will almost 100% of the time attempt to gank bot or mid fresh off his red.)
Funny enough, I've been seeing a lot of Xin cheese ganks lately. His high early damage and innate healing pretty much means he can casually waltz into your lane, gapclose, and 3 shot you with PTA or Conqueror without worrying about his HP or clear time suffering much)
Certain Mids - This is pretty much a "feed the jungler" boosting strat, and it's all pretty much the same goal: play a mid who doesn't really need much strength to be super relevant to the game (the most common sign is a support mid lane) and just allow the jungler to pretty much constantly come through, camp you, take your farm, take the kills, and become god. Any of these champions paired with a hypercarry jungler (such as Yi, Xin, Nocturne, or RekSai) is a potential (and sometimes definite) sign of the jng boost strat:
Almost Definite:

Possible:

You didn't ask for all this...but that's pretty much all the information I can give out regarding how to spot these kind of games. As for how to handle them, you simply have to accept that you're going to get pushed in, and do your best to freeze the lane just outside of tower range...and focus the jungler, not the mid, if they show up.