No and here's why. Because there are many situations where the "best thing for me" is NOT "the best thing for my team that helps us win." Thus, players with better score lines are not always the player who most helped the team win.
A Tank who engage a fight, CC the enemy carries, and then dies while only damaging 3 out of the 5 members of the enemy team arguably did far more to win the team fight then the adc who came up behind them and Pentakilled everyone like shooting fish in a barrel. Yet under your system the ADC would be rewarded more than the tank.
You can dream up dozens of more examples yourself. However, the point should be clear. Players who "do well" are players who increase their team's odds of winning. Players who "do poorly" are players who decrease their team's odds of winning.
The only way to reliably reward "do well" in ranked is to go up when you win and down when you lose. Over time if you are "doing well" you will move up, if you are "doing poorly" you will lose. Nothing else makes sense.