Unless they changed it, you can have negative LP if you dodged while at 0lp.
As someone else said, dodging can bring you to negative LP(You lose 3 for the first dodge in a time period[24h?], 10 for the next. IDK after that.) so that could be the cause if you dodged while at low enough LP.
It could also just be that your client is laggy. The LP gains/losses now show like in the picture you have, before the "total LP" number starts to tick up/down according to what you gained/lost. Your client might have just lagged for whatever reason between the "Pre-win" LP showing, and "Post-win" LP adding. It'd just be a graphical error, if this is the case, and your LP would reflect the proper number(27) fairly shortly afterwards in your profile.