I would probably not gank for you either if you spoke like that in-game. Especially considering you died to a Velkoz as Naut 6 minutes or so into the game. The match history doesn't show whether Poppy assisted on that kill so I'll give you the benefit of the doubt and say it was a 2 vs 1 situation.
Your bot lane got first blood and your Lux got 4 kills before you died again, which was a death from a teamfight where you actually got a kill which put you at around 1/2 at the very least not counting any assists. After that it shows in the match history that laning phase was practically over and that both teams were contesting objectives.
So the fact that you only died once during laning phase doesn't warrant you acting like a total tool to your Jungler. Also, you spamming your mid laner to switch with you probably didn't help your team mentality.
My point here is that the situation you were in wasn't even that bad, but the way you spoke to your team probably brought morale down. It looks like Tahm even was assisting you in getting a kill and then you criticized him for making a mistake and eating the enemy before your ult hit. I'm willing to bet nobody criticized you when you died top at around 6:00 minutes. This is why you are receiving the punishment, it's because you are toxic when it's not even close to being reasonable.
I can understand being salty if poppy ganked you 20 times before 10 minutes and you were 0/10 or something, but you literally died once before the 12 minute mark where you actually died again and got a kill during the process. You also only have 1 death showing in top lane so you can't say laning phase screwed you over that bad.
This is why a lot of people don't take the punishment system seriously. It's because posts like this that try to take chat logs out of context and put the blame on someone else, or blaming the system entirely.
**EDIT: It's also important to note that no towers were taken before 14 or so minute so the first tower was taken after laning phase which doesn't match up with your story.
You also don't specify the ban length or whether it was a chat restriction. Which by the way, if you've received either of those, you likely have a history of the same behavior across multiple games or worse. One game does not give you a punishment. This was likely a result of multiple reports against you. The reason Riot sent you this chat log was probably due to it being the last reported game on you.**