I'd strongly suggest submitting a ticket and asking what's up.
They also recently did a ban wave for potentially detected scripts from what I understand, which will usually include a mild chunk of people that didn't cheat but something installed on their computers caused a flag to pop up for the game's detection system and so they got slapped along with the actual cheaters.
https://support.riotgames.com/hc/requests/new
Make sure to select “I have a question About League of Legends/Riot Games” and category “Games and Features > General Questions”.
hopefully you were only one of the few that got caught by a false positive, also you might want to try doing a repair on your client to make sure it's fully up to date and has what it needs for whatever error you were getting when you tried to play.
good luck!