You're thinking old Karma when it comes to lower hp = more damage as a heads up. She doesn't so that anymore.
Overall, Karma has more utility than Soraka, more burst damage and more complete versatility. But she is much more of a reactive champion than sor. One of Sor's main probelms is her high out of combat sustain, meaning she can just back off for a second, heal herself for a lot and keep on trucking, combined with the fact that she has a free damage spell as well as decent sustained damage with Starcall.
Karma doesn't have out of combat sustain, she doesn't have good sustained damage until she addresses her mana costs and her ult is easily exploitable (an ulted Q means no ultd W for example). She's strong, don't get me wrong, but there's a lot more you can do against her with proper knowledge and play than you can against a patient Soraka.