This is why we are reporting the issue, the game crashes on Windows 10 now and if nobody reports it what happens when MS releases the OS? I'm sure people have also reported it on Windows feedback. Just because Riot isn't obligated to investigate that doesn't mean they wouldn't like to know about potential problems?
We're not saying Riot needs to put maximum priority on fixing this (though it would be nice since I've just been labelled a leaver in a ranked game) but if they're aware of the issue maybe they can put a little time into investigating to make things easier for people now and in the future.
I get the same issue, Win 10 64, build 9926.
For reference, event log does log an application fault:
Log Name: Application
Source: Application Error
Date: 3/12/2015 10:34:21 PM
Event ID: 1000
Task Category: (100)
Level: Error
Keywords: Classic
User: N/A
Computer: WIN-RKN2P1Q69N9
Description:
Faulting application name: League of Legends.exe, version: 5.5.0.266, time stamp: 0x54fa639c
Faulting module name: unknown, version: 0.0.0.0, time stamp: 0x00000000
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x00000000
Faulting process id: 0xa7ac
Faulting application start time: 0x01d05d03e033f95d
Faulting application path: C:\League of Legends\RADS\solutions\lol_game_client_sln\releases\0.0.1.80\deploy\League of Legends.exe
Faulting module path: unknown
Report Id: 29a931d5-c8f7-11e4-9633-74d02b352967
Faulting package full name:
Faulting package-relative application ID: