What happened to you and the the others is called a ghost/phantom game. When you exit the game it won't let you see the stats, and if you look at your match history the game is not there. The problem that happened had to do with the server and the amount of people on it, since there was so many games starting and ending at the exact same time it overloaded the system and sort of put your past game, and others, in limbo.
It usually takes anywhere from an hour to a day to fix the issue on your account to where you can play again, but the game won't be recovered unfortunately. Had it happen to me in a ranked game during the summer. :(
Sorry this happened to you guys just check on your account every couple hours to see if it starts to work.