Riot issues 14-day bans (skipping earlier tiers of punishment) for use of hate speech, even if you're just quoting somebody else who said it. You might be able to get it lifted if you contact player support, but keep in mind Riot doesn't usually revert bans. There is small precedent for it, I've seen somebody get their punishment lifted in a similar case, but don't get your hopes up, because that chance is entirely dependent upon if Riot has changed their policies or if they believe you.
Something else to consider, you don't need to ask people to report a player. The system weighs 1 report the same as 9 reports. So you can quietly report the player without publicizing it. This is actually beneficial, because if the player in question is angry with you and you show them that it's getting to you, they will want to continue to harass you. Likewise if they are trolling you and you announce that it is getting under your skin then they will want to do it more.
tldr;
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You were punished for using hate speech, even quoting somebody else counts in Riot's eyes.
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You don't need to ask for reports. It won't affect the player's likelihood of being punished, and it will only encourage them to harass you more.
