It's based on your hidden MMR. You are probably higher ranked than the games MMR system believes you should be. This happens because of the ladder being a mini game in itself. You can have a 50% win rate but if your wins are at the right time (like in promos) you can still move up the ladder. Since your MMR must be lower than your rank, it's trying to prevent you from climbing and playing with people who will be frustrated by your bronze skill. It's actually not too bad a system.
So yeah, it would help game rage to just let you climb and climb by giving you a lot more LP for wins. It would help YOUR rage, but not the people who are legit gold, while you should probably be in bronze and yet you're in their games, unfamiliar with the pace and causing thrown matches.
If you really think you should be higher (like I did) I suggest you make a new account so you can reset your MMR. I always played with IRL bronze friends in my main account, and this made it really hard to climb. I was silver 5. Now I made a new account, got placed silver 3, am currently in silver 1 and getting more L.P. for wins than losses. If this is your main account, it's gonna take you a while to raise your average, because you've played so many games on it while you were still new. So make a new one if you think you deserve better. Personally, I'm finding that I probably deserve mid silver, because these silver 1 games are getting hard. Being placed against golds and plats is making me realize how shitty I really am.