The usual progression of punishments is 10 game chat restriction -> 25 game chat restriction -> 14 day suspension -> permanent suspension, but if there is enough positive behavior demonstrated between the punishments, then you can actually decay down to the previous level. Which is why your second chat restriction was a repeat of the 10 game chat restriction, instead of moving up to the 25 game chat restriction. It means that you had enough games of good behavior between the bad/reported games.
People move up in punishment tiers when there are not enough games of good behavior between their last punishment, and when they reach the reporting threshold for the next punishment. As you move up the punishment ladder, it takes less to earn a punishment, so while it may take a while for a person to go from no punishments to a chat restriction, it may not take that long to go from a chat restriction to a 14 day suspension, if they continue with the negative behavior. Generally, it's a good idea to look at the Reform Card, and see what is in your chat logs from the games that got you the chat restriction, and try not to do those things again, so that you don't end up moving to the suspension level.
Certain things, like "kys" or any type of hate speech, can be an immediate permanent suspension, so it's definitely a good thing that you don't say things like that! Spamming is probably something to try and avoid, even if it's frustrating when your team ignores pings. Give them 2-3 pings, maybe a single line in chat to go with it, and then move on with focusing on your lane. You don't want to risk getting caught out because you were spam typing!
And as to ranked rewards, as long as you have worked off the chat restriction, you'll be perfectly fine on earning ranked rewards for the season. Usually, they will post something later in the season letting people know the exact deadline for when players cannot risk having any punishments beyond that date. I'm not certain of when the exact date will be this season, but this far away from the end of the season, as long as you don't get any more punishments, you shouldn't have any trouble.
