Hey unholymonks,
The cause of random disconnects from the client is most likely due to an unstable connection. Check whether you have a stable connection to the game.
As the Rioter said in his reply, you can also try downloading and running the Hextech Repair Tool. When running the HRT, make sure to check the "Reinstall" box and click Start. This will repair corrupt files that may be causing usability issues.
In the event that nothing is seeming to fix the issue, send a Support Ticket over to Riot Support explaining the issue. Make sure to attach the generated Hextech Repair Tool logs which should be on your Desktop in your ticket.