I see this a lot, and it's because I don't play ranked. Even watching top tier/pro games I see mistakes people make, but at least they work as a team, know how to ward, and have a general flow and understanding of their champ and the game to work as a team, even if they lose or win, because you will always fall into one category or the other, it's the nature of the beast, and with solo queue, that's just how it is.
My advice is, try to rank up higher, and the higher you go, the better the players around you will be, and then you won't have to explain simple things like what a SIGHTSTONE is to the support on your team, and what exactly it's used for. Don't get me wrong, I like helping people learn, but when they are accepting of it, not hostile and toxic.
I get pretty frustrated myself, but I know it's my own fault, if I'm going to stay in bronze, I'm going to play with bronze quality players, and that's just the real truth of it. So either, take each game on how YOU play, and not if you win or lose, and try not to get too caught up with what other people do wrong. I know this is hard, because once an opposing player is fed, there is almost little you can do, but play really defensively, and without teamwork, the fed player will just pick off your team one by one, including you and down goes the snowball effect.
There is a way to mute everyone, and a way to mute the ping noise, you will be surprised on how much more awareness you will have when focusing on yourself and what you do (not to mention how much more fun you can have) and basically not let other people get to you. I hate doing it, because, strategy and team play, is what this game is all about. Have you ever have one of those games where nobody says anything, they ping when needed and not too excessively, and communicate and help each other because they are all focusing on their play, map awareness, etc?? Well, that's what I'm talking about... or at least getting to that point.
Lead by example, not with direction in chat because the game provides plenty of tools to notify people with proper pings on what's going on, and where to go, and once a few of those things happen successfully, people might be more cooperative and work better as a team. If you ping too much people will start to ignore you, or the pings, or lose focus, or if you instruct too much in chat, same thing goes. Setup some plays and get the ball rolling in a positive direction, especially if you see it going the opposite way.
In the end, some players are just new, and still learning to control and focus, and having a lot of things happen at once, people don't read or get too caught up in what they are doing, so instead of playing as a team, they end up playing solo, and that's not what I'm suggesting. I'm suggesting, finding a way to have fun, and focus on the game more, which maybe will help others focus as well, and follow your lead. It's crazy how many games I've muted a toxic or frustrated player, and in the end see that same person focus, and help the team win, even if they spammed /ff all game in the beginning and cried in chat about this or that.
So there is an underlying psychological aspect of playing this game, and it's up to you how you play that game, or get played.
PS: Better yet, if you really want to play this game as a team, find yourself some friends and play with them, even if they are new/bad, at least you can grow and you will all learn on how each person plays, and hopefully there will be a bit more communication and teamwork in that type of environment, get on voip, then you never need to type :P And that goes back to what I was saying about focus and flow of game play. Good luck!