I'll pretty much re-state what has already been said, and add just a little personal advice. Just so you know, I've only ever played one ranked game (100% win rate, suckers), so take this with appropriate skepticism.
I certainly would not recommend playing ranked as soon as you are level thirty. Most people I play with in the late twenties and fresh thirties have decent mechanics with their favorite champions, but lack knowledge of broader strategy, and, more importantly, familiarity with the full champion pool. You may be the King of Top Lane with your Singed, but what are you going to do when some weird crab-dude with a Bane mask
shows up and laughs at your pitiful attempts to farm? I would encourage you to play long enough to be familiar with some of the uncommon champs in each role. You needn't master Urgot, but you should at least know what he does and how to counter him. The same goes for Zac, Taric, and Mordekaiser. Try out free week champs you don't already know and play lots of ARAMs until you can confidently counter-pick in draft mode and survive unfavorable match-ups. There is nothing more embarrassing than losing lane because you didn't realize your poke won't work against the Master of Metal's
passive shield. There really is no way to build this familiarity without committing a fair amount of time to the cause, so get comfortable with normals or accept the risks and dive into ranked like some poor, foolish Vayne main looking for their first pentakill.
As far as broader strategy goes, some big things to learn are: Wave management (when and how to push or freeze lanes, how to set up superwaves), the differences between objective-targeted and defensive warding, how to establish split-lane pressure to ease objective capture, and, my personal favorite, how to constantly ward throughout the game. Remember that warding is a team effort. If everyone on the team picks up and maintains a pink ward, it gives your team a lot more leeway to use sightstones and trinkets for objective control. Once you are pretty comfortable with each of these topics, and your support worships you for your amazing warding, you'll be ahead of most people who are trying out ranked for the first time.
You'll ping a lot more if you learn to use the ping hot keys: V-click for caution, G-click for general pings, and control-drag for the menu. Learn to weave communication into your play so you can better coordinate rotations and defenses, and don't be afraid to drop caution pings. You can't farm if you're dead, and neither can your carry.
Lastly, prepare yourself for dealing with other ranked players. At the end of the day, ranked play is a little different from what you are used to in normals, and ranked players are famously fond of berating anyone who makes a mistake or does something unusual, like playing an off-meta pick. Learn how to mute unpleasant players and develop a tough skin for dealing with criticism on your off-days. Being able to play every role confidently will help a lot with avoiding this toxicity, as will good sportsmanship. Get in the habit of issuing compliments on specific things your teammates and opponents do well, thank allies for helping you out, make unambiguous jokes when you can, and generally strive to be a pleasant person to play with, even if your team is losing. Remember, even if your name is on a scoreboard somewhere, it's just a game. Do your best to have fun and make the game enjoyable for those you play with. Happy farming!