I'll also give you a lesson on the 3 styles of laning: Kill, Poke and Sustain.
Every champion has 1 style they excel at, 1 style they are mediocre at and one style they are inefficient or incapable of using. And the laning styles function a lot like a game of rock, paper scissors. Sustain beats poke, poke beats kill and kill beats sustain.
The kill style champions are straight forward. They win by killing the other guy. They are flashiest of the three styles and they typically have abilities or passives that incentivize killing the other guy. High damage, sustained damage output and ability resets are clear indicators of a kill laner. Champions like Draven, Darius, Katarina and Kha'zix are prime examples of this play style.
Poke style champions COULD kill you. But that's not their objective. They do deal damage but they often do it from a safe distance where they can burst someone down and quickly get out before the other guy retaliates. They win by making the other guy back before they do, getting kills is just a bonus. These champions are identified by having a long range, burst style damage output and a mobility or crowd control ability. Champions such as Xerath, Caitlyn, Gnar and Nidalee are best used this way.
Sustain style champions are the stalwart immovable champions who just take a beating and carry on about their business. Their objective is to focus on CSing and heal back or mitigate any poke the enemy laner(s) deal. They also have some crowd control or mobility that usually helps them escape trouble should they ever find themselves in it. They win by outlasting the other guy. The other guy will run out of mana or patience before they kill a sustain laner. They are detected by having heals, peels, shields and occasionally mobility. The champions who epitomize the sustain lane play style are Soraka, Warwick, Irelia and Vladimir.