This is going to be length :) just a heads up (and I might go a little off-topic, but I still hope you find something useful in this enormous comment)
I'm with ya! I actually just started late-June this year :) The thought of actually playing against real people scared me a lot, so I did AI up to around the level 10s. Especially in the beginning, I was like "If I feel like playing against bots are hard, how can I even attempt pvp?" I don't know about you, but I had no prior video game experience before this, except maybe the Sims. And when my friends started urging me to do pvp, I was resistant for a while. I was afraid of feeding/taking my team down with me/being noob-like, etc. I'm currently level 21, and I've done enough pvp matches by now to come to this conclusion: It's pretty awesome 90% of the time.
Don't worry about letting your team down! I have to say, there are going to be toxic people, people that rage and flame you sometimes for no good reason, whether it be your own team or the enemy team. Usually though, there are players that will speak up. I know that some people recommend muting toxic players, but I don't usually do that (especially if it's a teammate, because they might actually alert you or ask for help by chat instead of pinging sometimes). If any time you feel the need to mute someone, do it. Just take it in stride! I report toxic players after game instead of taking it up with them in game. I feel like this makes for a better experience for everybody. I remember the first few times someone yelled at me or expressed their anger, and it felt horrible. As you play more and more games though, you really will learn how to just shake it off. An enemy Gnar kept trashing my team this morning, getting angry and saying stuff like "no skill", "b*****s" every time someone on my team got a kill. I remember an enemy Azir being really rude a couple of days ago, and a Vel'Koz (their team) was sticking up for us. After game, the Vel'Koz even messaged me and encouraged me not to feel bad because of the Azir. These are the people you will enjoy playing with/against, and I know that there are a lot of people like that guy out there. Just do your best. Know when to apologize, how not to offend someone, etc. For example, if you accidentally ks or steal the jungler or adc's cs, just shoot something like "my bad, sorry!" and that usually takes care of it. There are players that send gj and ty messages when someone did well (sometimes I applaud the enemy if they had a really good play), and I know that I always like playing with these kind of people, so I've started doing it myself. It's worth being nice in League! Losing a match isn't your fault. 99.9% of the time it's because of a mixture of your whole team's team comp, personal experience and abilities, and sometimes lagging and bad connection. So don't feel bad if you lose! I lost the first few pvps I was in, and was so surprised to actually win one day. If your team has an uber carry or someone who's just doing really, really good, then just try to be as helpful as you can. Assists are better than no kill at all.
Now...about the actual gameplay. If you find yourself not doing so well or going against a matchup that makes it hard for you to win lane, I would suggest playing it safe. Sometimes when I find myself in these situations, I just try not to feed and farm as much as I can so I don't get too far behind in levels. I know people that like to play super aggressive, and sometimes it pays off, but I typically don't. You just have to ask yourself: is it worth it going in? Focusing too much on kills isn't always the best option. You mentioned that you play Graves, Ashe, and Sivir, so I'm assuming you typically take on the role of adc. I personally really like Sivir, she's the first champion I picked up. Her Spell Shield is amazing when you time it right-especially since it doesn't cost mana, just has a longer cooldown. I've used her E so many times during low HP and mana times and the enemy is going in for a kill. It's awesome when you shield a Jinx ulti rocket or an Ashe arrow just in the nick of time, and they wasted their ult. Sivir's a very good bot laner, and clears waves like crazy when you have a decent build up. I also own Ashe, but I haven't played her in any pvps yet. I have seen a lot of Ashes lately, so one thing I can tell you is to use your Hxawkshot well. It's a great ability; providing sight in a good range. No wards? No problem. Definitely use it on places you aren't sure about. I've seen a lot of Ashes using E thinking that it does damage though..it's just slightly funny. Just slightly. I've only played Graves once during the Bilgewater event, so I can't give you much helpful information about him. Those three are all great adcs! I've seen Ashe and Sivir the most in pvps, just so you know :)
Some general tips that you might or might not already know:
1**. Be aware.** Of your surroundings, of the map, of where your enemies are at all times. When most of the enemy team disappears, it's usually to get dragon or buffs. Ping/message everyone in instances where you keep pushing freely and no one's there to fight you. Some teams will even let the enemy push far enough for them to feel at ease, then show up and get kills. Map awareness is important.
2. Vision. This kind of ties into the first tip. Wards. As many as your team can put down conveniently. Placing down wards is not just the support's responsibility. The most success I've had in pvp games was when my adc and I (I main support) both warded our lane. There are pictures that show you where wards are most useful put, so you can just Google that if you want. And know the max warding distance for the best sight. You don't want to place it too far! It's not like it won't be helpful, but I prefer having a clear line of sight. I always, always try to ward the river. Good ganks are deadly. Mid to late game, when some turrets might be down and team fights start instead of farming and banking, I put wards in front of dragon so I know if the enemy is trying to take it. If the game is really starting to be long because the teams are pretty equal, teams usually decide to get Baron to give them that extra factor to push hard. I'll try to ward Baron by then, because having Baron buff is..you just don't want the enemy to get it.
3. Communicate. Pings, chat, whatever is the fastest or is the clearest for you. It was even in the most recent /allchat video: it's better to over-communicate than to not communicate at all. This really is one of the keys to winning.
tl;dr You will feel great when you win, especially in those matches where you know you did amazing. Savor those moments! Be polite, friendly (if you want to, I know some people just don't like talking in chat unless necessary), and communicate! When you don't win, don't beat yourself up about it. Good teamwork trumps everything <3 well, almost everything. Definitely get in pvp, it's much more interesting.
P.S. If you need more help, practice, or just want to talk about League, I'm here :)