My advice would be to find a champion you enjoy playing and play them. You'll start to learn who you play well with and who you don't. You'll also start to learn who it is frustrating to play against. You can pick pretty much any ADC or support. Just make sure they are fun for you. If you constantly switch to try to optimize against matchups, it's going to take longer to get familiarity with matchups for all of those champions.
As a general guide, supports and ADCs can be judged based on their strength in various categories.
Poke - The ability to damage the enemy bot lane champs without going all in. Caitlyn is an ADC known for her poke. Most ranged supports are capable of poking. Some champions are good at augmenting poke. For example, Janna can shield Caitlyn which helps her poke.
Sustain - The ability to heal damage received from enemy poke and keep laning without running OOM. Sona and Nami provide the most traditional sustain, but champions with shield abilities (Janna/Lulu/Karma) can serve a similar function. Sustain from an ADC perspective generally has more to do with their rune setup than their kit.
All In - The ability to hard engage onto the enemy bot lane and kill one or both of them. Leona is the classical example of a hard engage support. Thresh/Blitz are also good at provoking engagements with their pulls. Generally these supports are tankier than the poke supports, but Annie also has great all in potential. For ADCs, high damage ADCs such as Draven or those who can output large burst damage such as Graves are generally better at going all in.
In lane, you want to recognize the strengths of your lane and the strengths of the enemy laners. If you are Caitlyn playing with Nami against Graves and Leona, you want to poke them down in lots of small trades and make sure they are low before any engagement, because they are significantly stronger going all in. If you are Graves and Leona in that lane, you want to avoid taking too much poke damage and try to find a chance to go all in while you still have sufficient health to win the all in.
One thing to keep in mind, however, is that the game isn't won or lost in laning. Although it's important to try to play to your bottom partner's strengths in lane, equally important is how well you are able to fit into your entire team composition. If your team doesn't have a tank, it may make sense to play a tanky support. If your team doesn't have any hard CC, you may not want to play a support without any hard CC (e.g. Karma). If your team is all AD, you may want to play an AP support who can do damage (e.g. Annie/Zyra/Morgana/Karma).
Further, not all supports fulfill equal roles in team fighting. Some supports are great at engaging onto the enemy team (e.g. Leona/Annie), while some supports are great at disengaging and peeling for a carry (e.g. Janna/Zyra). Some supports offer a mix of abilities that can be used in different scenarios (e.g. Nami/Braum).
With that in mind, one approach would be to try to pick up one caster support and one tanky support, making sure that at least one of your supports has decent ability to initiate engagements (e.g. Leona/Annie/Blitz/Braum/Thresh/Nami/Morg).