There have already been a couple of good replies about objective control, so I'll add a bit on other topics:
Rule one of playing ADC is don't die. There is a reason the enemy team will focus you first in teamfights and jump on any chance to pick you off when they think you're alone. Generally, try to not be alone. Always keep a solid front-liner between you and your enemies, kite if you don't have a fighter or tank handy, and always, always, ALWAYS ward around yourself if you are going to be alone for long, or if you are in enemy territory. I recommend upgrading your yellow trinket or picking up a blue trinket post-laning for this purpose. Buy pink and green wards when you can, too. Your support will love you for understanding that warding is a team job, and losing 100 g to a ward is better than losing gold and experience by being dead. Besides, you can't melt structures or enemy champions (from a safe distance, with an escape route) if you are watching the fight with a grey screen.
As with any other role, it's important to know your role on the team. Unless you are a fed late-game Vayne, you shouldn't be trying to 1v5 pentakill the enemy team. Instead, use your godly mechanics to push three lanes simultaneously. Yes, you heard that right (eat it, Vayne mains). Every League player, especially ADCs, should know how to manage minion waves. Keep up your farm throughout the game by clearing waves pushing against you, then turn those waves around by setting up a super wave. You can do this fairly easily by giving your minions a slight numbers advantage over the enemy minions, as by killing the caster minions, so your wave sits in one position long enough for a second wave to catch up, making it slightly stronger than the next enemy wave, and so on. If you can get this going in two lanes while the enemy champs are distracted elsewhere, you will be able to apply lane pressure in multiple lanes, allowing you to push mid or take dragon while one enemy champ has to go clear the side lanes.
As a support main, I have historically done well in-lane as an ADC, but struggle to carry that over to the rest of the game unless I am fed as Varus. I assumed I was too important to team fights to clear side lanes, and tended to go after carries in team fights as if I were playing Leona or top lane Urgot. When I accepted that Draven should not literally be center-stage in fights, I did a little better. Of course, as a support main, my advice may not be as good or applicable as that given by someone who primarily plays ADCs. Take what you will from it.
A final point: The easiest way to ruin a game is to be a jerk. Even if you think you're already pretty nice, work on making your teammates and opponents happier. Compliment them on good play (even if it involved you dying) and good warding, make unambiguous jokes when you can, and generally try to be a nice guy/gal/gender-neutral casual pronoun. Your team will be a lot more likely to listen to what you have to say if they like you, and everyone will have more fun for your good attitude. Happy farming!