Jungle & support I feel are probably he hardest carry lanes in bronze. Unless you jungle an assassin. From my memory, seems like bronze games are pretty random and unorganized so it is hard to rely on your team. The best way to move out of bronze quickly is to carry games hard enough (but you have to be able to play at about a tier higher elo than you are currently to do this). Jungle is probably fine and supports can definitely carry its just harder in bronze.
I main
support and have had no problem carrying most games vs bronze players on a second acct, but I know the role well (at least at a gold 4 silver 1 level). Usually bronze players cant dodge my snares enough in lane and end up dying a lot.
Anyways good luck on your journey. If you really want to climb learn, practice, improve. Silver 5 is worse than bronze in most aspects so don't expect a lot when you get silver 5. Its pretty much a shit show.