The Ruined King was just a generic king who happened to be a powerful mage. Kalista was one of his generals, and Hecarim was the leader of a type of "special forces" known as the Iron Order. At one point, an assassin tried to do his job on the King, but ended up cutting the Queen with his poisoned blade. No one could cure Queen, so the King sent Kalista out to find a cure. Kalista eventually found a place called the Blessed Isles, a place that was hidden form normies, a place that had a secret password. The Master of the Isles saw the purity in Kalista's intent and gave her the password, telling her to bring Queen to the island, and then Master could heal her. By the time Kalista got back, Queen was already dead and King was going mad. Kalista had made a vow to not tell anyone about the Isles, but Hecarim (who was turning evil) convinced Kalista to tell King what she knew. So King and his fleet sailed to the Isles (with Queen's rotting corpse). King demanded that Master bring her back to life, but the guardians of the Isles told him that messing with resurrection is a "supremo bad idea to the max" - John Henry. King, who was completely crazy by now, became enraged and told Kalista to kill the guardians. Kalista refused, so Hecarim killed Kalista. Eventually, after killing a ton of people, King found the way to resurrect his wife. When he did however, she came back as a zombie who begged to be allowed to die. King then decided to commit suicide with his wife, casting a spell that would bind their souls together for eternity. The spell worked, but the Blessed Isles are a place of such concentrated magical energy that the spell gained incredible power, and kind of backfired, cursing the Isles into a place of undeath and pain. Hecarim was fused to his horse. Kalista was reborn as a spirit of vengeance. Some other guys turned into other things too.
Tl;dr - The Ruined King was a king who accidentally turned the Blessed Isles into the Shadow Isles. Now read the entire post.