I believe Vote accuracy is measured based on how similar your vote was to other people who voted on the case.
When you vote on a case, there will be other people who vote on that case as well (I can't say exactly how many people can vote on the same case). "Vote Accuracy" is measured based on how similar your vote was to everyone elses.
So if, let's say 10 people reviewed a case, and all of them, including yourself, decided to punish a person, your vote would be 'accurate'. Now, if everyone else (or at least a MAJORITY of the people reviewing) decided to Pardon a case, and you voted to Punish them, your vote would lower your overall 'Vote accuracy'.
So long story short, I'd say it's intended to be a measure on how 'trustworthy' your vote can be, and to try and weed out people who just spam Punish without looking at the cases, by making their particular vote count for less. At least, that's how I understand the system. Keep in mind, I could be very wrong, but I am speaking to the best of my knowledge.
As for why you could only vote once, I am not sure. You can usually review up to 20 cases each day. Maybe try again tomorrow and see how many cases you can review, and see if it happens again.