upvote/downvote is one-dimensional - Discussions and Comments would benefit from a second metric.
Thoughtful discussion isn't one-dimensional. I think the current voting system works against discussion, where disagreement, sometimes by a single downvote, results in valuable posts being buried or never catching the attention they deserve.
Here's how I think this can be solved.
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Keep the current upvote/downvote system so users can sort things by value.
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Add a new 'agree/disagree' bar, displayed similarly to YouTube likes/dislikes, to gauge opinion. Polls can fill this role, but I think it needs to be a default feature for both Discussions and Comments.
Unpopular but insightful opinions spark good discussions. These shouldn't be buried by downvotes. Adding this feature would give users a visible, convenient way to show their opinion without stifling discussion through downvotes.