The responses in this thread are about as valid as Wikipedia. All anecdotes.
Without a Riot employee or representative to clear this up for us all I can do is say(like everyone else thus far) that my observation has been that the speed at which negative player behaviour is punished; especially those easily plugged into an algorithm suggests that there is no human-conducted reviews of reports until it is warranted.
The 'when' and 'why' can be up for discussion but what is not is the fact that LeaverBuster bans many, many people before they even leave the game they transgressed in.